The text of the book covers the complete syllabus of the subject engineering drawing graphics of various technical universities all over the country and is also linked with a website, an. A compressed handbook designed for the students of engineering disciplines for learning the basics of engineering drawing. Figures 4 and 5 show how it is possible to reduce and enlarge. This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec technical drawing to help them prepare. Using a pantograph you make a direct copy or scale the drawing, reduce or enlarge. Technical drawing ordinary and higher level courses. The pointer is inserted at d for enlargement, or at f for reduction, the pencil being in the unoccupied hole at d or f. Use the new length of each line segment to draw the reduction. Successful design requires people who can think creatively and work as a team. Reduction and enlargement of regular and irregular plane figures to specified linear and area ratios. Well, they want that same page enlarged to the full scale that it was originally. Technical drawing is an essential tool for young people learning about technology.
As a form of graphical communication technical drawing provides the student with the. Milnes technical drawing the graphic language pages 120 is technical drawing for you. Official website of the the ministry of education moe in guyana. The parts of the syllabus which are in italics will not be examined at ordinary level. An engineering design is usually defined by many individual detail drawings which combine to form an assembly drawing. The first module, basic technical drawing, provides a background and introduction to the world of technical drawing. If a samesized copy is desired, the fixed pivot is transferred to d, and the pencil and pointer placed at a and f respectively. The design log book a3 size must contain a series of sketches, drawings, models, notes etc. This video shows you how to reduce and enlarge an object using the ratio 3. The three books may be used together or seperately to suit a variety of needs.
The second module, applications of basic technical drawing, by virtue of student drawings. Find enlargement reduction lesson plans and teaching resources. Today you and i will quickly take a look at the topic waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 download waec syllabus pdf 2020. Show you know tech link you can use a drawing program to enlarge or reduce an image using a scale factor. The earlier edition of this text book is thoroughly revised, extensively enlarged, completely updated. Enlarging and reducing plane figures and equivalent areas. Pupils determine whether the drawing is a reduction or an enlargement and the. Geometrical and mechanical drawing this course is one of the main courses of engineering discipline. The name and or drawing number of the assembly drawing in which the detail drawing is called up or used on is stated in the title block. The notes offer advice regarding the irish postprimary junior certificate technical graphics examination. Follow the video while drawing and practice again without the video for perfection.
Very often it is necessary to enlarge and sometimes to reduce mouldings in size but it is also essential to retain their similarity. The reduction compass or proportional dividers is a geometry tool with asymmetriclength branches to allow performing homothetic transformations, reproducing a pattern while enlarging or reducing its size and conserving angles. This book is for beginners to introduce them with different elements of engineering. Bhatt in this new edition some errors are rectified. Figures 4 and 5 show how it is possible to reduce and enlarge irregular figures. It has provided me with the access to more material other than text books so i can provide my students a broader and richer learning experience. Click on the ruler and complete the activity found on the university of delaware page to learn how to read an architects scale. The practice exercise is given with theory and procedure for semester 1 book made obsolete as it was felt that, it is very difficult to work in workbook using drawing instruments. This material reflects established practices consistent with the australian standards for technical drawing specifications and is directly related to the key knowledge and skills in units 1 to 4. Detail drawings seldom describe the intent of an engineering design. There are also plenty of exercises to practise these principles. A drawing that displays technical information to the reader through specific visuals, directions, notes, etc a good technical drawing should be informative, clear, neat, unambiguous and not cluttered. Whenever the drawings are set to a size smaller than the real size of the objects, they are described to have been drawn to a reduction scale. Other approaches are encouraged, such as problem solving in.
Mechanical drafting 11 k to 12 technology and livelihood education triangular scales triangular scales this is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to some regular proportion. The computer keeps a record of all dimensions in the drawing changes to drawing can be made easily editing processes include the ability to copy, move, rotate, mirror and erase drawing parts drawing storage is on a hard drive, memory stick, cd, dvd or floppy disk rather than in a drawing folio. In 11th std students are expected to acquire the knowledge of plain and solid geometry. Chief examiner for the general certificate of education, ordinary level hulton preface in this technological age there is a need for well qualified engineers and scientists, and young people who wish to parti cipate in the fields of. The book is an excellent reference source and handbook of fundamentals related to industrial air technology.
The aim of this support material is to define thirdangle orthogonal drawing conventions for use in vce visual communication and design. Enlarging and reducing drawings very often it is necessary to enlarge and sometimes to reduce mouldings in size but it is also essential to retain their similarity. Unsubscribe from graphical communication technical drawing. Waec syllabus for technical drawing 20202021 waecnigeria. Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the current view meaning of lines hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in the current view center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts dimension and extension lines indicate the sizes and location of features on a drawing. However, it is important when enlarging or reducing a drawing that all parts of the object are enlarged or reduced in the same ratio, so that the general configuration of the object is saved.
Technical drawing ordinary and higher level courses n. Tech drawing is the oldest type of written expression. Objects as like buildings, town plans, bridges, maps of countries, large machine parts and their assemblies are usually drawn to decrease scales. In this example we are enlarging a sheet that we dont know the scale, to 1 inch 4 feet, otherwise known as 14 scale. However while preparing bigger drawings on a4 sheets suitable reduction. How to reduce and enlarge architectural plans to scale.
Plane and solid geometry longman international technical texts book online at best prices in india on. Pdf engineering drawing for beginners researchgate. Using numerous illustrations and easytofollow text, this book covers. The primary problem faced in learning and teaching of engineering drawing. You can use a drawing program to enlarge or reduce an image using a scale factor. It has been one of the most comprehensive revisions since the book was first published. The pantograph is a tool for the reproduction of drawings. Use a method of your choice and a scale factor of 0. Engineering drawing distant production house university. Pantograph drawing tool to copy, reduce, or enlarge art. For example, they have a printout of a plan that is on a small sheet, say size 8. It is well known fact that, any drawing is prepeared on suitable standard size of drawing. Scope of content the syllabus is planned as an integration of knowledge and skills in technical drawing. As a primary technical course, it aims at cultivating the abilities of spatial visualization, ideation, and innovation of design.
This construction works equally well for reducing the size of a plane figure. Engineering drawing course and in minimizing discrepancies prevailing. Technical drawing scheme of examination there will be three papers, papers1, 2 and 3 all of which must be taken. Textbook of engineering drawing, second edition xfiles. Pdf geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling. The books are also suitable for craft level courses such as engineering and building related subjects and for industrial training courses where an understanding. Plane and solid geometry is the first of three books which together provide comprehensive coverage of all aspects of secondary school techni. Plane and solid geometry is the first of three books which together provide comprehensive coverage of all aspects of secondary school technical drawing syllabuses. Record all answers in your notes and make sure that the teacher initials them so that you receive a grade for the assignment.
Download geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling the new edition of this successful text describes all the geometric instructions and engineering drawing information, likely to be needed by anyone preparing or interpreting drawings or designs. The architects scale is the most commonly used for general drawing. Geometric and engineering drawing by ken morling pdf free download. Traditional methods and manual drawing still also may be employed. The engineering drawing common to all engineering trades is one of the book developed by the core. Dimensions and drawing to scale west orange technology. Simply select the ratio of reduction or enlargement, connect the clamp to the board and pantograph, and use the trace point to trace over. Included instructions help with the operation of the pantograph. Pdf a textbook of engineering drawing a textbook of. Construction of an enlarging and reducing pantograph.